Nanodiamonds are used as active fillers in polymers providing improvement of various functional characteristics:

• Strength
• Elasticity
• Wear resistance
• Adhesive strength with metals
• Improving the optical characteristics of polymers
• Increasing heat conductivity while retaining the absolute dielectric properties

The strongest effect in the improving polymers transferring them unique features of diamond is observed for small nanodiamond concentration (0.01–0.50 %).

Numerous applications include:

• Fluoroelastomers: nanodiamonds condense vulcanization network, minimize thermal wear, reduce the friction coefficient of films and increase durability in friction nodes by 25–40 %
• Rubbers: nanodiamonds increase the degree of vulcanization and cause 1.3–2-fold increase in cohesion strength
• Polyurethanes: nanodiamonds lead to a threefold growth of strength and to 1.5-fold improvement of elasticity
• Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR): nanodiamonds considerably increase relative elongation at tear (up to 70 %) and wear resistance (up to 40 %), while reducing the friction coefficient by two-fold
• Polyamide and fluoroplastic: nanodiamonds enable 1.5-3-fold increase in rupture strength, enhance attrition resistance and tearing strength by a factor of 2–3, as well as ensure 30–50% faster polymerization